CPPA Bleaching Committee

Subcommittee Session, October 21, 1996

 

 

 

Introductions and Business

·       42 members and guests present

·       Welcome by Doug McKenzie

·       Real Paquin passed away this past summer

·       Champion and Wheelabrator has requested signing of a visitor’s nondisclosure agreement before being allows on the mill tour

·       Mill tour - use the bus - limited parking

·       Due to limited funding request $20.00 US per day to offset expenses (meal, bus)

·       Doug reviewed new subcommittee meeting structure.  First breakout groups meet and than meet as general group for the general session.

 

 

1.0  Environmental Impacts  -  (Jeff Tolan)                                 (See also Appendix 7)

 

1.1  Status of Projects:

·         Current Projects:

1.       The Effect of Pulp Effluent on Fish (Lorne Morey)

·         Reviewed current status (see appendix 7)

2.       The Effect of Alcell Pulping on the Environment (Burton Branch)

·         Nothing to report at this time, Burton continues to follow the process and any impact

3.       The Effect of Chelating Agents on the Environment (Gordon Brown, Dave Johns)

4.       Update on US EPA Cluster Rules (Nancy Van Allen, Tom McDonough, Dennis Owen, Rosanna DiLabio - see 1.1 below  and Appendix 1)

 

·         New Projects:

1.       Update of Pulp Industry Regulations in Europe (Dan Davies)(see Appendix 1)

·         Dan has received some information regarding the German regulations.  He is still working out to sort the information received.  Dan is not sure whether he has the German or Austrian regulations.

·         He will continue work and report at the next meeting.

2.       HA Simons report:

·         Doug McKenzie reviewed the report on Forest management benchmark regulation.  Eight points presented:

·         Conformation 8 mills have installed secondary treatment with those installed would not pass the Canadian toxicity regulations

·         BC only place with a AOX regulation.  Continues with the new election of the NDP.  Still lot of lobbying going on.  Some indication that closure may be the issue that will be pushed.

·         Sweden regulation standards are based on yearly average versus the daily and monthly for Canadian

·         Canada deals with two levels of government regulation

·         Report highlights that fees for non-compliance are higher in Canada.  BC would shut down.  Swedes would run through due to average year regulation

·         German permit moneys into financing treatment facilities.  Canadian - money into general government coffers.

3.       Environmental Impacts of Sulphite Pulping

·         Jean Barrette and Burton Branch have volunteered

            4. COD reduction in secondary treatment (Burton Branch)

·         Burton Branch has volunteered

 

1.       Air Emissions - What are mills doing?  i.e., bleaching emissions, mainly

·            Volunteer???

2.       WCB emissions:    BC       (Gerry Pageau, Doug McKenzie, Nancy van Allen)

 

 

1.2  Effects of Pulp Effluents on Fish  -  Lorne Morey

            (see Appendix 7 - Subcommittee Reports)

 

 

1.3  Update on the US EPA Cluster Rules  -  Nancy Van Allen (see Appendix 1)

1.       October 21, 1996:   Nancy presented data re Key Dates

2.       Standard may be signed in 1997 and made into law.  Three years timing to be under regulation.

3.       Waste water standard proposal.

·         Option 1: 100% ClO2 substitution

·         Option 2: O2 delignification and/or extended delignification and 100% substitution

·         Option 1 was added from the original proposal.

4.       Schedule for regulation:

·          1st bleached papergrade kraft and soda and then dissolving pulp with the other sub-categories following after.

5.       Graph presented to show revised effluent limits for bleached papergrade kraft and soda.

·         TCDD:  ND,   TCDF:  24.1 pg/L,   chlorinated phenolics:  ND,   AOX:  0.413 option 1,   0.133 option 2

·         No regulations for colour

·         Regulations for COD and BOD are lower than expected.

 

6.       Nancy also presented proposed standards for papergrade sulfite.

7.       Dennis Owen: can we make pulp at AOX at ND?  There is natural occurring AOX in nature as shown by Paprican and TCF mills.

8.       Best management practices

·         Spill control

9.       Incentive program - if Option A is chosen.   Mill can sign on and opt out.

·         Tier 1 BAT limitations   AOX long-term av. 0.30

·         Tier 2 BAT - AOX <0.10

·         Tier 3 BAT - AOX <0.03

·         Reduced penalties

·         Reduced inspections

·         Public recognition

10.   Air regulations:

·         Key dates.  Final MACT I by the end of this year.   MACT  II at end of first 3 1997.

·         Maximum available control technology

·         Dennis warns that US mills may cause problems with mills importing into US and ask these mills to meet US regulations.  Canadians mill in big trouble with Cl2 and ClO2 emissions from bleach plant scrubber.  If Canadian mills not as clean, this will be effected through NAFCA.

 

11.   MACT I  -  Scrubber 99% removal (10 ppm)

12.   Nancy reviewed original EPA proposals and likely final outcomes.  In some cases there is significant changes.  Reviewed for MACT I, II and III.

13.   MACT I - pulping sources,   MACT II - combustion sources,  MACT III - paper machines, etc.

14.   MACT III - bottom line most mills would not have to add additional controls.

15.   Nancy to provide overheads to minutes (attached - see Appendix 1)

2.0  Teaching Bleaching  -  (Rae Cunnington)

 

2.1  Future Courses

1.         Rae got historical.  Reviewed:

·         Closure course originally proposed for Fall 1996.  Conflicts with Washing conference.  Committee decided not to sponsor course.  We opted for a technical session at Canton on ‘Closure’.  We will be meeting again at lunch to discuss this.

·         Have found out recently that the Environmental Committee is sponsoring the Closure course.  We will not be involved with this course

 

2.           Have recently found out that the Professional Development Committee has proposed a Bleaching course for Fall 1997 and have gone out for quotes and have bypassed the Bleaching  Committee.  At the steering committee meeting we will sponsor.

 

3.         Communications poor with Technical Section and with Professional Development committee.  With the new people on the committee, we believe that they are not aware of how we have done things in the past.  We need to make them aware of the situation.  We wish to approve the course outline.  We want a major role in planning of the bleaching course.  We wish to get back on track with the CPPA.  Rae will be writing them to get them back on track and work with our protocol.

 

4.         Spring 1996:  Sub-committee has proposed a one day session for the Spring meeting at AlPac on Corrosion in the Bleach Plant and selection of materials

 

5.         Since our last meeting we declined to support a Systems Closure course because of other commitments.  We have agreed, however, to hold a round table on Closure at the Fall/96 meeting.

 

 

2.2  Other Courses

·         Have proposed to have mini-courses for the bleaching  committee tech sessions

 

 

 

 

 

3.0  Bleaching Equipment                                                        (See also Appendix 7)

      (Carlo Dal Monte - Substitute Tony Gomersall)

 

      2 projects on-going  on Bleach Plant Control:

 

3.1  Bleach Plant Control Strategies - Tony Gomersall

·         Bleaching sequence control - survey

·         Team members:  Tony Gomersall, Don Olson, Ralph Lunn, Gerry Pageau

·         Coded mill log sheets collected from 17 mills and coded by Doug Reeve and Doug Pryke.

·         Review underway

·         Ongoing evaluation of results

·         One of largest impacts found thus far is in during operating rate changes.

·         Results of the survey will be presented to the committee members first, then to the CPPA membership at the annual meeting or other CPPA sponsored meeting or conference

·         A survey presented at the 82nd annual CPPA meeting entitled “Successful Applications of Process Control and On-line Pulp Quality Sensors - A Survey” showed that one mill saved one million dollars by implementing a single post tower control strategy.

3.2  CPPA Oxygen Delignification Survey - Doug Reid

·         10 completed surveys so far

·         reviewing data.  Should be able to present at the next bleaching committee meeting

·         25% - 45% delignification average

·         kappa decrease between blow line and O2 delignification:  0% - 12% (alkaline extraction?)

·         minimum kappa number without impairing strength - started at 30, went to 15 with little or no strength loss

 

 

3.3  Safety Information and Incidents

·       Members:    Dennis Owen, et al

·       Scope: to share incident on safety incidents in Canada

·       Incident: Release of gas, release of chemical where people are exposed. separating auxiliary equipment from the main generator.  If there is a potential we need to know.  Chemical,  Steam,  Potential of injury,  Destruction of equipment.

 

·       Cariboo storage explosion,  O2 reactor incident.

·       Four incidents out of this meeting.  Reports are attached (see Appendix 6)

·       Prince Albert - warming ClO2 solution  1st storage heat exchanger with mill water (2-4 °C) 2nd exchange using Eo filtrate to 40 °C.  Excellent session.

 

 

 

 

 

4.0  Annual Meeting  -  (Chris Kanters)                                      (See also Appendix 7)

 

4.1  Annual Meeting 1997 Sessions

1.       Proposing three sessions  (List of papers will be in the minutes)

·         Roundtable on mill closure - Bleach Plant issues

·         Optimization of chlorine dioxide in ECF Bleaching

·         Advances in the use of O2 based chemical

 

2.       Final papers by November 12, 1996

 

3.       Still need to encourage mill papers

 

4.       Eight persons are now on the sub-committee (Chris Kanters, Jack Ayton, Stuart Scott, Jean Bouchard, Dan Davies, Rosanna DiLabio, Jim Collins and Dennis Matson)

 

5.       For this year something different:

·         Some type of token of appreciation will be presented to the speakers and panelists presenting papers during the Bleaching Committee Sessions.  The Technical Session is not interested in sponsoring.  The appreciation will be in form of a plaque so be sponsored by the supplier companies on the committee.  The sponsors are :  Degussa, Iogen, CXY Chemicals, FMC, Praxair, ICI, Dupont, Canadian Liquid Air Sterling Pulp Chemicals, and Valmet Automation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.0  Bleach Plant Protocol  -  (Gary Berndt)                               (See also Appendix 7)

1.       Discussed items re. bleaching protocol

2.       Article in June or July 1996 Pulp & Paper Canada re. bleaching protocol

3.       Letter from Ants Teder re. protocol re why are we doing this when there is one from TAPPI?  We will not responding to his letter directly, since our protocol was to use what was already in common use in Canada.

4.       Draft copy of French translation is ready and being reviewed by a small subcommittee  .

5.       Getting the information out to the world:

·         Discussion with CPPA to put out as new CPPA Standard,  in author packages.

·         Need to talk to JPPS to explain the protocol

·         Sent complimentary copies to other organizations (TAPPI, STFI, SAPPI, etc.),  P&P schools, and possibly to the students.

·         We need to make sure that the papers for the Annual meeting are reviewed with respect to the protocol.  We will look into doing this as a review.  Bleaching Committee to have papers in advance to review for this.

·         We need to educate people  in Canada and out of Canada.

6.       A copy of the protocol needs to go out to annual meeting presenters and a request made to ensure papers meet the Canadian protocol.  If we don’t police our protocol, then the whole project has been a waste of time.  Note that the “Guidelines for Authors” needs to be updated as well.

7.       Protocol needs to get in the Guideline to Authors to be sent to authors.  One of the remaining steps is to get the Protocol into the guidelines.  Maybe too late for this year, but we can fax a copy of the Pulp & Paper Canada article to the authors, so changes can be in place for Annual meeting.

8.       Papers reviewers need to be aware of the our protocol and to be used for review.  The protocol needs to get to the reviewers.

9.       Gary is looking for support for purchasing the protocol copies for distribution.  He was looking for sponsors for this.  Dennis has volunteered 10 copies.  For all sponsors stickers on back of copies for all sponsor names.  We are looking for possibly 150 copies (to be determined or original mailouts.  10 copies to each organizations.  What support can we get from the Technical Section?    We will approach Tech Sec for financial support.

10.   Dennis: we need to concentrate on Canada first.  Copies to schools in Canada.  For outside Canada hold off for now.

11.   Has been proposed to have a paper at the Annual Meeting.

12.   Put as items for the Bleaching course.

13.   Submit as poster session for various conferences.

14.   To be discussed at the Executive Level of Technical Section through Barbara van Lierop as support.

 

 

6.0  Bleaching Chemicals  -  (John Griffiths)                              (See also Appendix 7)

 

6.1  Bleaching Chemicals Reports

1.       Caustic  --  Presentation by Nancy van Allen - Fall/96      

·         How are chlorine and sodium hydroxide made? presentation by Nancy van Allen

·         Review of Production Methods:        Diaphragm cell, Mercury cell, Diffusion cell

·         Physical and Chemical Characteristics

·         Handling of caustic soda regulations:     WCB,   WHMIS and TDG    (OHSA)

·         Review of MSDS sheet

·         Caustic health considerations.

·         Caustic personal safe-handling equipment

·         Materials of construction

·         50% caustic:   mild steel up to 40 °C, etc.

·         73% caustic:   nickel and more exotic alloys

·         General comments

 

2.       Sulphuric Acid  --  Steve Paolone - Spring/97

3.       Methanol  --  Mark Nichols - Fall/97

4.       Chlorate  -- Nancy van Allen - Spring/98

 

 

 

 

6.2  Use of CO2 in Brown Stock Washing  -  Rosanna DiLabio

·         New project

·         Praxair and Canadian Liquid Air will provide information

·         Will be sharing mill experiences,  maybe by next meeting

 

 

 

 

6.3 Impact of Various Bleaching Sequences on Pulp Strength Properties  -  Norm Liebergott

·         This dormant project originally committed to Norm Liebergott has been resurrected.

·         Review of papers found by Norm

·         Norm will be assisted by Stuart Scott, Don McCabe, Dave Willis and John Griffiths

·         Will review papers collected by Norm over winter

·         Aim to present at Fall 97 meeting

 

 

 

6.4  ClO2 Generator Feed Chemical Quality

·         Dennis Owen is to prepare information regarding chlorine dioxide generator feed chemical quality for the next meeting

·         The intention is to be a troubleshooting aid for mills (e.g., why is generator continually puffing?)

·         Proposals for project to be presented at Spring 97 meeting

·         Members:????

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.5  Paper Presentation by Gordon Homer

              -  The State of the Art ECF: Pulping & Bleaching with O2, O3, ClO2

 

·         Copies of the slides are presented in Appendix 1

·         Polysulphide yield up by 4%

·         ZD can be used on low, medium and high consistency pulps

·         O2 delignification has significant yield advantage over extended cooking

·         O3 replaces 3-4 kg ClO2

·         Dz now at three mills:  two operating, one to start up soon

·         Yield vs. Kappa charts presented (O2 delignification)

·         High yield O2 delignification heat & solids loading

·         Paprican’s Polysulphide Generation process:  O2 into #2 causticizer

·         Dz mills:

·         1. Kymmene Pietarasaari Finland   O(ZD)(O/ED)(ZD)(EP)D

·         2. Sappi - Ngodwana

·         Why not O3 bleaching at low consistency?

·         Slide: Z/D retrofit in low consistency D/C Stage in pipeline reactor  (500’ 14” diameter)

·         Bleaching costs:   O3 (@$1.85/kg),   ClO2 (@$0.80/kg)

·         DC - $38,  Do - $45,  (Z/D) - $42,  O(Z/D) - $34,   PS O (Z/D) - $37/ADMT

·         Wood and chemical cost comparison.   (wood - $200/mt)

·         Capital costs installation:

·         Polysulphide System:    $US   1.5mm

·         O2 Delignification:           $US 15.0mm

·         Z/D System:                  $US   2.0mm

·         ClO2:                             $US   3.0mm

·         Brightness versus total ClO2 charge - hardwood pulp  DEDnD, ZEDnD, (ZD)EDnD, (DZ)EDnD

AOX reduction with increased ClO2 substitution:   0.8 kg/t conventional,   0.34 kg/t O2 delignification versus EPA regulation discussed with reference to option A and B. and meeting EPA regulations.  Would meet regulations only with O(DZ) with confidence.

·         Reviewed impact of D stage filtrate pretreatment with O3 before feedwater treatment.

·         Mill Wide Oxygen/Ozone Utilization:

·         O2 for ozone manufacture,  O2 delignification,  Eo stage,   WL oxidation,  polysulphide preparation

·         Impact of pulp strengths:

·         Slide on polysulphide SW kraft pulp strength  (1. conventional kraft,  2. Kraft 30 + PS (1.3%)/AQ (0.1%) )

·         Have done work on viscosity versus brightness:

·         Highest DEDnD

·         ZEDnD worst

·         (ZD)EDnD and (DZ)EDnD similar slightly lower than DEDnD but much higher than ZEDnD.